Using this Bulletin | Penn State

Introduction

The Undergraduate Bulletin is Penn State's comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements.

Use this section and navigation tools throughout the site to become familiar with general Bulletin information and discover new ways to explore academic opportunities across Pennsylvania and the world.

Students should follow the edition of the Bulletin that is active on their first day of class at the University. Past versions can be found on the Archive page.

New Features

Program Page Layout

Consistent layout of program information organized within the following tabs:
- Overview
- How to Get In
- Program Requirements (University Degree, Bachelor of Arts Degree, General Education, and Major requirements)
- Integrated Undergrad-Grad Program
- Learning Outcomes
- Academic Advising
- Suggested Academic Plan
- Career Paths
- Contact

Begin and End Campus

At the top each program page, you will find a box that indicates where you can begin and end a program. Programs may have different begin and end campuses, so it is important to use this information to determine program availability at each campus.

How to Get In

This section describes requirements on how to enter your major. Common examples include, but are not limited to, minimum GPA and/or successful completion of a skills test, coursework, or preparation programs.

Suggested Academic Plan

The course series provided in the Suggested Academic Plan provides only one of many possible ways to move through the curriculum. To create a personalized academic plan, begin by taking the following steps:

Consult with a Penn State academic adviser on a regular basis to develop and refine your academic plan.
Use the Suggested Academic Plan in conjunction with your degree audit (accessible in LionPATH as either an Academic Requirements or What If report).
Familiarize yourself with information available in this Bulletin to learn about academic opportunities.
Explore resources available on your college and campus websites.

Please note that the University may make changes in policies, procedures, educational offerings, and requirements.

Changes Page

Real-time amendments to information in the Bulletin will be tracked on the Changes page.
Currently or previously enrolled students should consult the Bulletin Archive, their adviser, and degree audit reports for specific requirements.

Course Bubble

When a course link is clicked, a course bubble will appear with important course information including, but not limited to:

course title, description, and credits;
prerequisites;
course attributes and General Education learning objectives;
if the course is repeatable;
if the course is cross-listed;
if the course can be counted towards General Education requirements.

Nondiscrimination Statement

The University is committed to equal access to programs, facilities, admission and employment for all persons. It is the policy of the University to maintain an environment free of harassment and free of discrimination against any person because of age, race, color, ancestry, national origin, religion, creed, service in the uniformed services (as defined in state and federal law), veteran status, sex, sexual orientation, marital or family status, pregnancy, pregnancy-related conditions, physical or mental disability, gender, perceived gender, gender identity, genetic information or political ideas. Discriminatory conduct and harassment, as well as sexual misconduct and relationship violence, violates the dignity of individuals, impedes the realization of the University’s educational mission, and will not be tolerated. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative Action Office, The Pennsylvania State University, 328 Boucke Building, University Park, PA 16802-5901, Email: aao@psu.edu, Tel (814) 863-0471.

Start Exploring

The Undergraduate Bulletin is Penn State's comprehensive source for undergraduate academic information and program requirements. Using the search features, explore options to design your own, unique academic path at one of the world's leading research institutions. Discover new opportunities as you pursue your academic passion. Search boxes are located on the Undergraduate Bulletin landing page and throughout the website.

Narrow your search by using the following fields:

Degree Type

Choose the degree type to begin your search. Information on the following degrees are included in the Undergraduate Bulletin:

Associate Degree

Two-year majors that, with few exceptions, provide concentrated instruction to prepare graduates for specialized occupational assignments.

Baccalaureate Degree

Baccalaureate programs of study consist of no less than 120 credits and typically take four years to complete.

Minor

An academic program of at least 18 credits that supplements a major. A minor program may consist of course work in a single area or from several disciplines.

Undergraduate Certificate

Undergraduate certificates can reflect emerging academic areas, necessary professional development requirements, or groups of courses that do not constitute a degree program.

Learn more in the Definitions and Abbreviations section.

Campus

Penn State has over 20 campuses across Pennsylvania. Visit the Campus page to see the full listing and a brief description of each campus.

Interest

Search broad topics to discover programs associated with your interests. From helping people, to science, or business, select an area to help narrow down your academic choices.

College

Academic colleges at Penn State grant degrees and are generally organized around a subject matter. All Penn State majors are divided among academic colleges, which are the units from which students receive their degrees. Visit the College page to see the full listing.

Academic Authority

The University Faculty Senate has responsibility for, and authority over, all academic information contained in the Undergraduate Bulletin.

Each step of the educational process, from admission through graduation, requires continual review and approval by University officials. The University, therefore, reserves the right to change the requirements and regulations contained in this Bulletin and to determine whether a student has satisfactorily met its requirements for admission or graduation, and to reject any applicant for any reason the University determines to be material to the applicant's qualifications to pursue higher education.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ACADEMIC AUTHORITY

Understanding Course Description Information

The course description data that appears in the University Bulletins is directly imported from LionPATH, the student information system. At several times within an academic year, new or updated course description information is approved by the Faculty Senate and entered into LionPATH. This updated information subsequently appears in the University Bulletins on the date(s) it takes effect.

What course description data is currently showing in the University Bulletins?

There are three course effective dates within an academic year. These effective dates correspond to the first day of the summer, fall, and spring semesters. The University Bulletins shows course description data that is active as of the current semester. On the date a new semester begins, the course description information is updated on the same day to match that course data.

Course Description Update Calendar

May 8, 2023: University Bulletins begins showing course description information that is active for the Summer 2023 semester
August 14, 2023: University Bulletins begins showing course description information that is active for the Fall 2023 semester
December 18, 2023: University Bulletins begins showing course description information that is active for the Spring 2024 semester

Previous Versions of Course Description Information

If a course description is updated after the beginning of an academic year, the previous course description information for that course can be found on the Changes to the UG Bulletin page. Course description information from past years can be found in the appropriate archived Bulletin edition.

Definitions and Abbreviations

Described below are definitions referring to degrees, majors, options, minors, concurrent or sequential majors programs, and integrated undergraduate-graduate degree programs:

Associate Degree

Two-year majors that, with few exceptions, provide concentrated instruction to prepare graduates for specialized occupational assignments.

Baccalaureate Degree

Penn State offers more than 160 majors with four-year baccalaureate degrees. A baccalaureate program of study shall consist of no less than 120 credits. Students may elect to take courses beyond the minimum requirements of a degree program. Particular types of baccalaureate degrees identify educational programs having common objectives and requirements. Degree programs may provide academic, pre-professional, or professional experiences and preparation. Majors lead to a baccalaureate degree. Each student must select a major within a baccalaureate degree type. If options are offered within a major, a student selects one. The student may also elect to enroll in a minor to supplement the major. Alternatively, the student may seek to enroll in multiple majors within the same type of baccalaureate degree or to enroll in a simultaneous degree program.

Undergraduate majors offered at Penn State lead to one or more of the following baccalaureate degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Architectural Engineering (five-year program), Bachelor of Architecture (five-year program), Bachelor of Design, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Humanities, Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (five-year program), Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Musical Arts, and Bachelor of Philosophy.

Not all degrees are offered at every location. Baccalaureate degrees offered at Penn State include both those that are designed to provide an academic (including pre-professional) experience and those that are specifically designed to provide professional preparation.

To ensure excellence, all professionally oriented degree majors provide a strong academic base. The Bachelor of Arts degree (with a given major) is an academic degree; the Bachelor of Science degree (with a given major) and the bachelor's degree in any subject area (e.g., Bachelor of Architecture) are professional degrees. The Bachelor of Philosophy degree, described in the Intercollege Undergraduate Programs section of this Bulletin, is planned individually and may be designed to serve either academic or professional purposes.

Major

A major is a plan of study in a field of concentration within a type of baccalaureate degree. Colleges and other degree-granting units may have common requirements for all of their majors. Each major may have requirements identified in prescribed, additional, and supporting courses and related areas categories. Elective credits are not considered part of the major.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT MAJORS

Option

An option is a specialization within a major that should involve at least one-third of the course work credits required for the major, but need not be more than 18 credits. All options within a major must have in common at least one-fourth of the required course work credits in the major. A student can only be enrolled in an option within their own major.

Minor

A minor is defined as an academic program of at least 18 credits that supplements a major. A minor program may consist of course work in a single area or from several disciplines, with at least 6 but ordinarily not more than half of the credits at the 400-course level. Total requirements are to be specified and generally limited to 18 to 21 credits. Entrance to some minors may require the completion of a number of prerequisites, including courses, portfolios, auditions, or other forms of documentation that are not included in the total requirements for the minor. All courses for a minor require a grade of C or above.

Concurrent and Sequential Majors Programs

At the baccalaureate or associate degree level, students may be approved for admission to more than one major under the Concurrent Majors Program. A Concurrent Majors Program is one in which students take courses to concurrently meet the requirements of at least two majors, with graduation for all majors in the program occurring during the same semester. Concurrent majors must all be at the baccalaureate or associate degree level. Under the Sequential Majors Program, upon graduation from an associate or baccalaureate degree program, a student may apply for re-enrollment in another undergraduate degree program.

Integrated Undergraduate-Graduate (IUG) Degree Program

An Integrated Undergraduate-Graduate (IUG) degree program combines a Penn State baccalaureate degree with a master's degree as a continuous program of study. An IUG program allows qualifying students to:/p>

create a cohesive plan for baccalaureate and master's degree studies, with advising informed by requirements for both degree programs;
complete the combined degree program in less time than it would take to complete each program separately;
become familiar with the expectations of graduate studies in their programs;
access the resources of the Graduate School;
learn from current graduate students who share academic interests.

Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Codes

Described below are common codes, abbreviations, acronyms, and other types of academic shorthand used at Penn State, along with a brief explanation of each.

Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Codes
Code	Explanation
A	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., CAS 100A, CAS 100B, CAS 100C)
A & A	Arts and Architecture (college abbreviation)
AA	Arts and Architecture (college code)
AAPPM	Academic Administrative Policies and Procedures Manual
AB	Abington (campus code)
AB	Abington (college code)
ACUE	Administrative Council on Undergraduate Education
AG	Agricultural Sciences (college code)
AL	Altoona (campus code)
AL	Altoona (college code)
AP	Advanced Placement Program
APPL	Course requires an application with the School of Music (course characteristic)
APPT	By appointment (class meeting time)
AU	Audit, attended regularly (grade reporting symbol)
AUDN	Course requires an audition (course characteristic)
AUU	Audit, did not attend regularly (grade reporting symbol)
B	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., CAS 100A, CAS 100B, CAS 100C)
BA	Business, Smeal College of (college code)
BC	Behrend (college code)
BK	Berks (campus code)
BK	Berks (college code)
BR	Beaver (campus code)
BW	Brandywine (campus code)
C	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., CAS 100A, CAS 100B, CAS 100C)
CA	Capital (college code)
CALC	Course requires a calculator (course characteristic)
CAMP	College Assistance Migrant Program
CAT	Online catalog, University Libraries
CC	Commonwealth Campuses
CCP	College Contact Person
CCRR	College Contact and Referral Representative
CCSG	Council of Commonwealth Student Governments
CE	Continuing Education
CGPA	Cumulative grade-point average
CIC	Committee on Institutional Cooperation
CLEP	College-Level Examination Program
CM	Communications (college code)
CNCR	Course is scheduled concurrently with another course (course characteristic)
CNTL	Course is controlled (course characteristic)
COMM	Communications (college abbreviation)
CORD	Course is coordinated with other course(s) (course characteristic)
COST	Course requires an additional fee (course characteristic)
D	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297D, HIST 297E)
DAA	Dean/Director of Academic Affairs
DF	Deferred grade (grade reporting symbol)
DN	Dickinson School of Law (campus code)
DS	DuBois (campus code)
DU	Division of Undergraduate Studies (college code)
D U S	Division of Undergraduate Studies (college abbreviation)
E	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297D, HIST 297E)
ECoS	Eberly College of Science
ED	Education (college code)
EM	Earth and Mineral Sciences (college code)
EM SC	Earth and Mineral Sciences (college abbreviation)
EN	Engineering (college code)
ENGR	Engineering (college abbreviation)
EOP	Educational Opportunity Program
EPR	Early Progress Report
EPS	Educational Planning Survey
ER	Behrend (campus code)
ESL	English as a Second Language
EVEX	Course has evening exams (course characteristic)
F	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297F, HIST 297G)
FE	Fayette (campus code)
FINL	Course has a final exam (course characteristic)
FL	Failure under pass/fail option (grade reporting symbol)
FYS	First-Year Seminar
G	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297F, HIST 297G)
GA	Arts (General Education code)
GA	Greater Allegheny (campus code)
GH	Humanities (General Education code)
GHW	Health and Wellness (General Education code)
GN	Graduate non-degree (college code)
GN	Natural Sciences (General Education code)
GPA	Grade-point average
GQ	Quantification (General Education code)
GR	Graduate (level code)
GR ND	Graduate non-degree (college code)
GS	Social and Behavioral Sciences (General Education code)
GV	Great Valley (campus code)
GV	Great Valley (college code)
GWS	Writing/Speaking (General Education code)
H	Honors course or section (course suffix)
HB	Harrisburg (campus code)
H H D	Health and Human Development (college abbreviation)
HH	Health and Human Development (college code)
HN	Hazleton (campus code)
HY	Hershey Medical Center (campus code)
I	Incomplete (grade reporting symbol)
I	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297I, HIST 297K)
I COL	Intercollege programs (college abbreviation)
IB	International Baccalaureate Program
IC	Intercollege programs (college code)
IL	International Cultures (General Education code)
INCP	Incomplete (grade reporting symbol)
INTG	Course is integrated with other courses (course characteristic)
IS	Information Sciences and Technology (college code)
IST	Information Sciences and Technology (college abbreviation)
ITS	Information Technology Services
IUG	Integrated undergraduate/graduate degree programs
IVID	Course uses interactive video (course characteristic)
J	Individualized instruction (course suffix)
K	Special topics (course suffix; indicates different versions of the same course, e.g., HIST 297I, HIST 297K)
L	Lecture section (course suffix)
LA	Liberal Arts (college code)
LEAP	Learning Edge Academic Program
LIAB	Course has liability attendance policy (course characteristic)
LV	Lehigh Valley (campus code)
LW	Law (level code)
M	Writing Across the Curriculum and Honors (course suffix)
MA	Mont Alto (campus code)
MAC	Morgan Academic Center (for Student-Athletes)
MD	Medical (level code)
MD	Medicine (college code)
MED	Medicine (college abbreviation)
MEP	Multicultural Engineering Program
MRC	Multicultural Resource Center
MS	Military Science (ROTC) (college code)
NACADA	National Academic Advising Association
NC	Non-credit (level code)
NDEGR/C/H	Nondegree Regular/Conditional/High School (Classification of Undergraduate Students)
NG	No grade (grade reporting symbol)
NK	New Kensington (campus code)
NR	Nursing (college code)
NSO	New Student Orientation
OCLC	Course meets at an off-campus location (course characteristic)
ODS	Office for Disability Services
OSA	Office of Student Aid
OUR	Office of the University Registrar
P	Pass (noncredit course) (grade reporting symbol)
P	Practicum (or laboratory) section (course suffix)
PC	Penn College (Pennsylvania College of Technology; campus code)
PREQ	Course has prerequisites (course characteristic)
PS	Pass (pass/fail option) (grade reporting symbol)
PSU	Pennsylvania State University
R	Recitation section (course suffix)
R	Research (grade reporting symbol)
RAP	Recommended Academic Plan
RI	Resident Instruction
ROTC	Reserve Officers' Training Corps
S	First-Year Seminar (course suffix)
SA	Satisfactory achievement (grade reporting symbol)
SATL	Course is offered at multiple locations via satellite uplink (course characteristic)
SC	Science, Eberly College of (college code)
SCIEN	Science, Eberly College of (college abbreviation)
SEGM	Course is segmented (course characteristic)
SGPA	Semester grade-point average
SH	Shenango (campus code)
SI	Supplemental Instruction
SITE	Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence
SL	Schuylkill (campus code)
SLO	Special Living Options
SOTP	Student Orientation and Transition Programs
SRTE	Student Ratings of Teacher Effectiveness
SSSP	Student Support Services Program
T	First-Year Seminar and Honors (course suffix)
TMDT	Course has additional meeting times/dates (course characteristic)
U	United States Cultures/International Cultures and Honors (course suffix)
UAO	Undergraduate Admissions Office
UC	University College (college code)
UE	Undergraduate Education
UFO	University Fellowships Office
UG	Undergraduate (level code)
UG ND	Undergraduate non-degree (college code)
UN	Undergraduate nondegree (college code)
UN	Unsatisfactory achievement (grade reporting symbol)
UP	University Park (campus code)
UPUA	University Park Undergraduate Association
US	United States Cultures (General Education code)
W	Official withdrawal (grade reporting symbol)
W	Writing Across the Curriculum (course suffix)
WB	Wilkes-Barre (campus code)
WC	World Campus
WEB	Web course; offered entirely through the Internet (course characteristic)
WEP	Women in Engineering Program
WF	Withdrew failing (grade reporting symbol)
WISE	Women in the Sciences and Engineering
WN	Withdrew no grade (grade reporting symbol)
WP	Withdrew passing (grade reporting symbol)
WS	Worthington Scranton (campus code)
X	Writing Across the Curriculum and First-Year Seminar (course suffix)
XC	State College Continuing Education (campus code)
XF	Failure, academic dishonesty (course grade)
XS	Foreign studies program (campus code)
Y	Writing Across the Curriculum course and United States Cultures/International Cultures (course suffix)
YK	York (campus code)

Common abbreviations for course attributes and suffixes can be found in the University Course Descriptions section.

Changes to the Undergraduate Bulletin

Changes to the Undergraduate Bulletin will be tracked in real-time and listed below. At the end of every semester, these updates are incorporated into the Bulletin.

Courses Added: Effective Summer 2023

BBH 123S: First-Year Seminar in Biobehavioral Health
BIOL 440: Evolution of Infectious Diseases
BIOL 442: Evolutionary Medicine
BIOL 445: Molecular Ecology
CIVCM 494: Research Topics
COMM 232: Communication Strategies for Social Justice
COMM 432: Social Justice Media Project
CSD 432: Introduction to Deglutition
ECE 295: Field Experience for Practicing Early Childhood Educators
ENGL 118: Music and Literature
ENGL 126: Bad Literature
ENGL 144: Everyday Rhetoric
ENGR 291: The Role of the Engineering Peer Advising Leader
ENT 495: Entomology Internship
FRNSC 485: The Profession of Forensic Science
GD 407: Graphic Design Studio – Communities
HHUM 294: Research Project
HHUM 297: Special Topics
HHUM 494: Research Project
HPA 200: An Introduction to Data in the Health Care System
HRM 495: Internship in Human Capital Management
KINES 53N: History and Practice of Martial Arts
KINES 123S: Thinking Critically about Key Questions in Kinesiology
LING 410: Morphology
LING 414: Phonetic Analysis: Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics
MATSE 203: Technical Communications
MATSE 429: Non-Ferrous Structural Metals
MTHED 299: Mathematics in Elementary School
NUTR 251H: Introd Prin Nutrition (honors)
OS 410: Foundations of Occupational Science and Therapy
OS 420: Occupational Constructs: Habits, Routines, Roles & Rituals
OS 430: Perspectives of Culture, Equity & Spirituality
OS 440: Human Behavior: Creativity and Flow
OS 450: Applied Occupational Science Capstone
PNG 488: Unconventional Wells
PSYCH 448: Psychology of Female Serial Killers
RPTM 310: Experience Design and Event Management
SCM 495: Internship in Supply Chain Management
SPAN 269N: Theater and Performance

Courses Added: Effective Fall 2023

ARTH 101N: Introduction to Global Art History
ASIA 472: Tradition, Modernity, and Cultural Change in South Asian Societies
ASTRO 237: Astronomy Communications
CHEM 109: A Research Experience in Chemistry
CI 197: Special Topics
CMPSC 263: Blockchain and Modern Web Development
CSD 250: Professional Issues in Communication Sciences and Disorders
CSD 251: Guided Clinical Observations in Communication Sciences and Disorders
CSD 428: American Sign Language IV
DANCE 405: Conditioning, Self-Defense, and Combat for Theatre
EME 210: Data Analytics for Energy Systems
EDTHP 410: The Global Impact of Education
EMET 351: Quality Control, Inspection, and Design
EMET 433: Smart Manufacturing
EMET 441: Mechatronics Project Design
EMET 442: Mechatronics Project Implementation
EMSC 460: Environmental Data Analytics
ENGL 114: Modern Pagan Traditions and Texts
ENGL 125: On the Farm: Agriculture and Literature
ENGR 287: Career Preparation and Development for Engineers
GD 211: Design Photo and Motion
GD 409: Exhibition and Portfolio
HDFS 215N: Global health and families
HPA 494: Undergraduate Research Project
KINES 53N: History and Practice of Martial Arts
MATH 32: Math for Allied Health Professions
MATH 316: Upperclass Seminar: Careers, Graduate Study, and Opportunities in Mathematics
MATH 400: Teaching in Mathematics
MATSE 219: Introduction to Materials Informatics
NUCE 321: Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Sciences for Nuclear Engineers – I
NUCE 322:Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Sciences for Nuclear Engineers – II
NURS 240: Medication Calculations for Nurses
NUTR 144: Our Plates: Exploring Food and Healthy Eating Patterns Through Cooking
NUTR 372: Nutrient Metabolism
NUTR 487: Advanced Performance Nutrition
PUBPL 472: Labor Markets and Public Policy
SPAN 423: Spanish in Contact with Other Languages
THEA 448: Theatre Management
WMNST 230N: Dangerous Bodies
WMNST 440W: Women in Global Cities

Courses Added: Effective Spring 2024

ABSM 297: Special Topics
AE 483: Comprehensive Architectural Engineering Senior Project II – IUG
CI 288: Foundations of Teaching Multilingual Learners
CI 388: Sociopolitical Contexts of Teaching Multilingual Learners
CI 397: Special Topics
CI 488: Designing Assessment and Curriculum for Multilingual Learners
ENGR 191: Millennium Scholars Summer Seminar
ENGR 192: Millennium Scholars First-Year Seminar
ENT 320: Insects and Natural History Collections
FRNSC 460: Medicolegal Death Investigation
GD 211: Design Photo and Motion
GEOSC 414: Carbonate Geochemistry
LING 382: Language and Culture in Africa
MATSE 449: Fundamentals of Composite Materials Science and Engineering
PLSC 479: Nuclear Weapons in International Relations
SOC 381H: Junior Honors Seminar in Sociology
SPAN 425: The Spanish Your Teachers Never Taught You
SUR 121: Elementary Surveying
SUR 122: Control Surveying
SUR 132: Surveying Software Analysis Tools
SUR 213: Route and Construction Surveying
SUR 221: Large-scale Mapping Surveys
SUR 352: Geometric and Physical Geodesy
SUR 361: Surveying Laser Scanning
SUR 373W: Cadastral and Legal Aspects of Surveying
SUR 382: Subdivision Design
SUR 421: Advanced Photogrammetry
SUR 424: Monitoring Applications in Surveying
SUR 432: Geospatial Applications in Surveying
WILDL 294: Undergraduate Research in Wildlife Abbreviated

Courses Dropped: Effective Summer 2023

ARCH 431: Architectural Design V
ARCH 432: Architectural Design VI
ERM 426/PLANT 426: Nutrient Management Specialist Preparation

Courses Dropped: Effective Fall 2023

ASM 424H: Selection and Management of Agricultural Machinery

Courses Dropped: Effective Spring 2024

Course Changes: Effective Fall 2023

ANSC 413: Transgenic Biology (3 Credits)

Old Listing Effective Through Summer 2023:

The principles and concepts used to generate genetically engineered animals by pronuclear, knockout, and cloning methods; and applied biotechnology applications. ANSC 413 Transgenic Biology (3) The Transgenic Biology course is offered each spring semester for those students interested in learning the concepts, principles, and applications of genetic engineering in animals. The mouse is used as a model system, but the discussion encompasses large animals and commercial applications. Techniques covered are pronuclear, embryonic stem, and somatic-nuclear transfer generated animals. Content also includes the use of morpholinos and RNAI use to "knockdown" gene expression. Other systems discussed are Zebrafish and Xenopus as well as gene analysis by mutagenesis and gene trapping. The course objectives are (1) to provide the student with a working knowledge of the processes involved in functional analysis of gene expression using model animal systems and (2) to give the student understanding for the practical aspects of generating transgenic animals including microinjection, screening, breeding, and phenotypic analysis. Students are typically evaluated using several parameters including exams, presentations of current journal articles, abstracts of current journal articles, and a paper dealing with an aspect of transgenesis in the student's field of interest.